Top 8 Best Black Seed Oil Supplements for Immunity (2026)

Top 8 Best Black Seed Oil Supplements for Immunity (2026)

Updated Sep 20, 2026 · by Felix Hesse · 11 peer-reviewed sources

8 black seed oils and softgels ranked on declared thymoquinone, extraction and testing — only three print a TQ figure; we say which.

New to Black Seed Oil? Read the complete guide first — what it is, how it works, and who it's for.
▸ The ranked list

8 picks — ranked by our 50/50 methodology

Compare all 8 picks side by sidefull score breakdown · strength & weakness · price
All 8 picks side by side — one column per scoring criterion. Every row links to its full card below.
ProductScoreThymoquinone Disclosure & Dose30%Extraction & Freshness20%Purity & Testing20%Form & Dosing Accuracy15%Value15%Price & buy
#1 Amazing Herbs Premium Black Seed Oil, 8 fl ozBest Overall8.89.619.018.038.28.4$29-31~$0.62 per 5 mL servingOn AmazonFull review →
48 mg thymoquinone per 5 mL declared on the panelNot USDA Organic certified
#2 Nature's Way Organic Black Seed Oil, 8 fl ozBest Organic8.58.828.438.818.08.2$29-31~$0.64 per 5 mL servingOn AmazonFull review →
USDA Organic and a declared thymoquinone standardLower thymoquinone per teaspoon than Amazing Herbs
#3 Bio Nutrition Premium Black Seed Oil Softgels, 90 CountBest Softgel8.38.828.27.69.017.6$14-16~$0.33 per 2-softgel servingOn AmazonFull review →
Only softgel declaring thymoquinone (9.6 mg per serving)Gelatin softgel, not vegan
#4 Heritage Store USDA Organic Black Seed Oil, 8 fl ozBest Organic in Glass7.96.49.018.628.08.63$28-30~$0.62 per 5 mL servingOn AmazonFull review →
USDA Organic and cold-pressed in dark glassNo thymoquinone declared
#5 Horbaach Black Seed Oil 2,000 mg Softgels, 120 CountBest Budget7.86.638.07.48.829.41$15-17~$0.27 per 2-softgel servingOn AmazonFull review →
Cheapest cost per dose and per gram on the listNo thymoquinone declared
#6 Sweet Sunnah Black Seed Oil, 8 ozBest Traditional Cold-Pressed7.56.28.627.07.88.82$27-29~$0.59 per 1-teaspoon servingOn AmazonFull review →
Fatty-acid composition printed on the panelNo thymoquinone declared
#7 MAJU Cold-Pressed Black Seed Oil, 8 fl ozMost Quality Marks, No TQ7.46.08.438.818.06.6$36-38~$0.82 per 1-teaspoon servingOn AmazonFull review →
GMP and third-party-tested marks on the panelNo thymoquinone declared despite the marketing
#8 Zhou Black Seed Oil 1,300 mg Veggie Capsules, 60 CountBest Vegetarian Capsule6.95.47.87.48.436.6$17-19~$0.61 per servingOn AmazonFull review →
Only vegetarian capsule on the listNo Supplement Facts panel visible in the listing
  1. #1
    Best Overall
    Amazing Herbs Premium Black Seed Oil, 8 fl oz — product

    Amazing Herbs Premium Black Seed Oil, 8 fl oz

    Amazing Herbs
    SAC Product Score™ — how it breaks down
    • Thymoquinone Disclosure & Dose30%9.6
    • Extraction & Freshness20%9.0
    • Purity & Testing20%8.0
    • Form & Dosing Accuracy15%8.2
    • Value15%8.4

    The only liquid on this list that prints its thymoquinone: 48 mg per 5 mL of cold-pressed, unrefined oil in a glass bottle, with the omega profile declared to the milligram.

    $29-31
    ~$0.62 per 5 mL serving
    Form
    Liquid oil, glass bottle
    Serving
    5 mL (5 g oil)
    Count
    8 fl oz, 48 servings
    Thymoquinone
    48 mg per 5 mL (declared)
    Omega profile per serving
    580 mg omega-6, 220 mg omega-9, 2.5 mg omega-3
    Extraction
    100% pure, cold-pressed, unrefined virgin oil
    Seals
    Non-GMO, organically grown, preservative free
    Cost per dose
    ~$0.62 per 5 mL
    Pros
    • 48 mg thymoquinone per 5 mL declared on the panel
    • Cold-pressed, unrefined, preservative-free oil in glass
    • Omega-6, omega-9 and omega-3 content declared
    • Decades-old US brand; mid-range price
    Cons
    • Not USDA Organic certified
    • No third-party testing statement on the pack
    • Strong, peppery taste as a liquid

    Our take — Thymoquinone is why black seed oil works, and this is the one liquid that tells you how much you are getting. Cold-pressed, unrefined, in glass, with a full omega breakdown. Nature's Way is the organic alternative; nothing else here comes close on disclosure.

  2. #2
    Best Organic
    Nature's Way Organic Black Seed Oil, 8 fl oz — product

    Nature's Way Organic Black Seed Oil, 8 fl oz

    Nature's Way
    SAC Product Score™ — how it breaks down
    • Thymoquinone Disclosure & Dose30%8.8
    • Extraction & Freshness20%8.4
    • Purity & Testing20%8.8
    • Form & Dosing Accuracy15%8.0
    • Value15%8.2

    USDA Organic cold-pressed oil that prints its thymoquinone standardisation, 0.6 percent, alongside a full fatty-acid breakdown; the best-documented organic oil here.

    $29-31
    ~$0.64 per 5 mL serving
    Form
    Liquid oil, plastic bottle
    Serving
    1 teaspoon (5 mL), 4.5 g oil
    Count
    8 fl oz, 47 servings
    Thymoquinone
    Standardised to 0.6% (about 27 mg per serving, derived)
    Omega profile per serving
    2.25 g omega-6 (linoleic), 810 mg omega-9 (oleic)
    Extraction
    Cold-pressed organic oil
    Seals
    USDA Organic, gluten free, vegan
    Cost per dose
    ~$0.64 per 5 mL
    Pros
    • USDA Organic and a declared thymoquinone standard
    • Omega-6 and omega-9 content declared
    • Cold-pressed; large GMP manufacturer
    • Gluten-free and vegan on the panel
    Cons
    • Lower thymoquinone per teaspoon than Amazing Herbs
    • Plastic bottle rather than glass
    • No third-party testing statement printed

    Our take — If organic certification is a must, this is the black seed oil to buy: standardised thymoquinone, a fatty-acid breakdown and a USDA seal on one panel. Choose Amazing Herbs only if you want the higher declared TQ and glass.

  3. #3
    Best Softgel
    Bio Nutrition Premium Black Seed Oil Softgels, 90 Count — product

    Bio Nutrition Premium Black Seed Oil Softgels, 90 Count

    Bio Nutrition
    SAC Product Score™ — how it breaks down
    • Thymoquinone Disclosure & Dose30%8.8
    • Extraction & Freshness20%8.2
    • Purity & Testing20%7.6
    • Form & Dosing Accuracy15%9.0
    • Value15%7.6

    The only softgel here that declares thymoquinone, 9.6 mg per two-softgel 1,000 mg serving, cold-pressed and hexane-free, at a third of a dollar a day.

    $14-16
    ~$0.33 per 2-softgel serving
    Form
    Softgel (gelatin)
    Serving
    2 softgels (1,000 mg oil)
    Count
    90 softgels, 45 servings
    Thymoquinone
    9.6 mg per serving (declared)
    Omega profile per serving
    580 mg omega-6, 220 mg omega-9, 2.5 mg omega-3
    Extraction
    Cold-pressed, solvent and hexane free
    Other ingredients
    Gelatin, vegetable glycerin, de-ionized water
    Cost per dose
    ~$0.33 per 2 softgels
    Pros
    • Only softgel declaring thymoquinone (9.6 mg per serving)
    • 1,000 mg per serving matches the asthma trial dose
    • Cold-pressed, solvent- and hexane-free
    • Tasteless, exact dosing
    Cons
    • Gelatin softgel, not vegan
    • No organic seal or third-party testing statement
    • Higher cost per gram of oil than the liquids

    Our take — A declared thymoquinone amount, the exact trial dose and no taste, for about thirty-three cents a day. It ranks below the two best liquids only because they deliver more thymoquinone per serving and carry more certification; among capsules it is the clear pick.

  4. #4
    Best Organic in Glass
    Heritage Store USDA Organic Black Seed Oil, 8 fl oz — product

    Heritage Store USDA Organic Black Seed Oil, 8 fl oz

    Heritage Store
    SAC Product Score™ — how it breaks down
    • Thymoquinone Disclosure & Dose30%6.4
    • Extraction & Freshness20%9.0
    • Purity & Testing20%8.6
    • Form & Dosing Accuracy15%8.0
    • Value15%8.6

    USDA Organic, cold-pressed oil in a glass bottle with nothing else in it; a clean, well-priced organic oil that declares no thymoquinone at all.

    $28-30
    ~$0.62 per 5 mL serving
    Form
    Liquid oil, glass bottle
    Serving
    1 teaspoon (5 mL), 4.6 g oil
    Count
    8 fl oz, 47 servings
    Thymoquinone
    Not declared on the panel
    Extraction
    Cold-pressed organic oil
    Other ingredients
    None
    Seals
    USDA Organic
    Cost per dose
    ~$0.62 per 5 mL
    Pros
    • USDA Organic and cold-pressed in dark glass
    • Single ingredient, no additives
    • Fair price for an organic oil
    Cons
    • No thymoquinone declared
    • No fatty-acid breakdown on the panel
    • No third-party testing statement

    Our take — Buy it for the glass and the organic seal. Just understand that you are trusting the brand on thymoquinone, because the label does not commit to a number. For a declared organic oil, Nature's Way is the better buy.

  5. #5
    Best Budget
    Horbaach Black Seed Oil 2,000 mg Softgels, 120 Count — product

    Horbaach Black Seed Oil 2,000 mg Softgels, 120 Count

    Horbaach
    SAC Product Score™ — how it breaks down
    • Thymoquinone Disclosure & Dose30%6.6
    • Extraction & Freshness20%8.0
    • Purity & Testing20%7.4
    • Form & Dosing Accuracy15%8.8
    • Value15%9.4

    Two softgels carry 2,000 mg of cold-pressed oil for about twenty-seven cents, the cheapest dose on the list; the panel gives a fatty-acid range but no thymoquinone.

    $15-17
    ~$0.27 per 2-softgel serving
    Form
    Softgel (gelatin), quick release
    Serving
    2 softgels (2,000 mg oil)
    Count
    120 softgels, 60 servings
    Thymoquinone
    Not declared on the panel
    Fatty-acid profile
    Typical 40-67% omega-6, 17-30% omega-9 (declared range)
    Extraction
    Cold-pressed
    Other ingredients
    Gelatin, vegetable glycerin
    Seals
    Non-GMO, GMP, packaged and lab tested in the USA
    Cost per dose
    ~$0.27 per 2 softgels
    Pros
    • Cheapest cost per dose and per gram on the list
    • 2 g cold-pressed oil per two softgels
    • GMP, Non-GMO and lab-tested marks
    • Quick-release softgel; no taste
    Cons
    • No thymoquinone declared
    • Gelatin softgel, not vegan
    • Fatty-acid content given only as a range

    Our take — For a quarter a day you get 2 g of cold-pressed oil in a tested softgel. You do not get a thymoquinone figure. If that matters, and for black seed oil it should, spend six cents more on Bio Nutrition.

  6. #6
    Best Traditional Cold-Pressed
    Sweet Sunnah Black Seed Oil, 8 oz — product

    Sweet Sunnah Black Seed Oil, 8 oz

    Sweet Sunnah
    SAC Product Score™ — how it breaks down
    • Thymoquinone Disclosure & Dose30%6.2
    • Extraction & Freshness20%8.6
    • Purity & Testing20%7.0
    • Form & Dosing Accuracy15%7.8
    • Value15%8.8

    A Turkish-grown, cold-pressed, halal-friendly oil whose panel verifies the fatty-acid composition but not the thymoquinone; the cheapest quality liquid here.

    $27-29
    ~$0.59 per 1-teaspoon serving
    Form
    Liquid oil
    Serving
    1 teaspoon (5 g oil)
    Count
    8 oz, about 47 servings
    Thymoquinone
    Not declared on the panel
    Fatty-acid composition
    59% omega-6, 23% omega-9, 0.5% omega-3 (declared)
    Extraction
    Cold-pressed, Turkish-grown seed
    Seals
    Cold pressed, vegan, halal friendly
    Cost per dose
    ~$0.59 per teaspoon
    Pros
    • Fatty-acid composition printed on the panel
    • Cold-pressed Turkish-grown oil
    • Halal-friendly and vegan
    • Lowest price per teaspoon among the liquids
    Cons
    • No thymoquinone declared
    • No organic seal or testing mark
    • Servings figure derived; the panel photo cuts it off

    Our take — A good cold-pressed oil at a good price with unusual fatty-acid disclosure. It cannot rank with the declared-TQ oils because it does not join them in declaring, and its listing claim of '3x more TQ' should be ignored until it appears on the panel.

  7. #7
    Most Quality Marks, No TQ
    MAJU Cold-Pressed Black Seed Oil, 8 fl oz — product

    MAJU Cold-Pressed Black Seed Oil, 8 fl oz

    MAJU Superfoods
    SAC Product Score™ — how it breaks down
    • Thymoquinone Disclosure & Dose30%6.0
    • Extraction & Freshness20%8.4
    • Purity & Testing20%8.8
    • Form & Dosing Accuracy15%8.0
    • Value15%6.6

    A GMP-made, third-party-tested Turkish oil with a light taste and a high price; the listing's thymoquinone boast is nowhere on the panel.

    $36-38
    ~$0.82 per 1-teaspoon serving
    Form
    Liquid oil, plastic bottle
    Serving
    1 teaspoon (5 g oil)
    Count
    8 fl oz, 45 servings
    Thymoquinone
    Not declared on the panel
    Extraction
    Cold-pressed
    Other ingredients
    None
    Seals
    GMP, third party tested, vegan, gluten free, paleo, made in USA
    Cost per dose
    ~$0.82 per teaspoon
    Pros
    • GMP and third-party-tested marks on the panel
    • Milder taste than most raw oils
    • Vegan, gluten-free and paleo marks
    • Turkish-grown seed, made in USA
    Cons
    • No thymoquinone declared despite the marketing
    • Most expensive liquid on the list
    • Plastic bottle, not organic

    Our take — If the testing marks are what you buy on, MAJU is the liquid with the most of them. If you buy on thymoquinone, as the brand asks you to, the panel gives you nothing to hold it to. Amazing Herbs does, for less.

  8. #8
    Best Vegetarian Capsule
    Zhou Black Seed Oil 1,300 mg Veggie Capsules, 60 Count — product

    Zhou Black Seed Oil 1,300 mg Veggie Capsules, 60 Count

    Zhou Nutrition
    SAC Product Score™ — how it breaks down
    • Thymoquinone Disclosure & Dose30%5.4
    • Extraction & Freshness20%7.8
    • Purity & Testing20%7.4
    • Form & Dosing Accuracy15%8.4
    • Value15%6.6

    The only vegetarian capsule on the list, 1,300 mg of cold-pressed virgin oil per serving in veggie caps; the product gallery shows no Supplement Facts panel, so everything past the front label is unverified.

    $17-19
    ~$0.61 per serving
    Form
    Veggie capsule
    Serving
    1,300 mg oil per serving (front label); serving size not shown, inferred 2 capsules
    Count
    60 veggie capsules, one-month supply
    Thymoquinone
    Not visible; no Supplement Facts panel in the listing
    Extraction
    100% pure, virgin, unrefined, cold-pressed
    Seals
    Lab verified, vegan, Non-GMO (front label)
    Cost per dose
    ~$0.61 per serving
    Pros
    • Only vegetarian capsule on the list
    • Cold-pressed, unrefined virgin oil
    • Lab-verified and Non-GMO marks on the front
    Cons
    • No Supplement Facts panel visible in the listing
    • Serving size and thymoquinone unverified
    • Highest cost per gram of oil here

    Our take — We rank what we can read, and Zhou shows us only the front. If you need a vegetarian capsule it is your option; check the panel on the bottle when it arrives, and let us know what it says. Until then Bio Nutrition, with a declared 9.6 mg thymoquinone, is the capsule to beat.

▸ Affiliate disclosure: every Amazon link uses our Associates tag (superachieverclub-20). We earn a small commission at no cost to you; it funds independent reviews. We never accept payment to change a ranking.

▸ Why it matters

Before You Buy Black Seed Oil: 3 Rules

  1. 01

    Rule 1: Find the thymoquinone on the panel, not in the listing.

    Thymoquinone is the compound behind the asthma, allergy, blood-pressure and lipid results, and its content in cold-pressed oil varies several-fold. Three products on this list print a figure; five do not, two of them while advertising 'high TQ' or '3x more TQ' in the listing. If the number is not on the Supplement Facts, assume you do not know it.

  2. 02

    Rule 2: Match the dose to the trials, not to the teaspoon.

    The asthma trial used 500 mg of oil twice a day; the allergy trials used comparable capsule doses. A teaspoon of liquid is about 5 g, five times that. Half a teaspoon to a teaspoon of a declared oil, or two 500 mg softgels, is the studied range; more is not better and tastes worse.

  3. 03

    Rule 3: Protect the oil you paid for.

    Black seed oil is over half omega-6 polyunsaturated fat, which oxidises in light and air. Dark glass or a sealed softgel keeps it; a clear plastic bottle on a sunny counter does not. Cold-pressed, unrefined and preservative-free on the label are worth having, but only if the container finishes the job.

Koshak 2017 (PMID 28093815); Nikakhlagh 2011 (PMID 20947211); He 2024 (PMID 39372205); Sahebkar 2016 (PMID 27512971); Salem 2005 (PMID 16275613).

▸ Methodology

How We Scored: The SAC Efficacy Method for Black Seed Oil

Black seed oils look identical on the shelf and differ enormously in the compound that matters. Thymoquinone content in cold-pressed Nigella sativa oil depends on seed variety, origin, pressing and storage, and it is the constituent every mechanism study and most clinical trials point to. So we weighted thymoquinone disclosure at 30 percent, read directly from the Supplement Facts panel, and refused to credit potency claims that live only in the listing. Extraction and storage came next, because the oil is mostly polyunsaturated fat that oxidises in light and air. Then certifications and testing marks as printed, the practicality of the dose form, and finally cost per gram of oil as a tie-breaker. Every number we cite was read from the product's own panel.

  • Thymoquinone Disclosure & Dose30%

    Thymoquinone (TQ) is the compound the anti-inflammatory and allergy research is built on, and its content in cold-pressed oil varies several-fold between seeds and presses. We gave the highest marks to panels that print a TQ amount or percentage, and we checked the serving against the 500 mg to 2 g of oil a day used in the trials.

  • Extraction & Freshness20%

    Cold-pressed, unrefined, solvent-free oil in dark glass or in a sealed softgel keeps thymoquinone and the omega-6 fraction from oxidising. Clear plastic and refined oil lose points; a printed pressing method and a glass or softgel barrier earn them.

  • Purity & Testing20%

    USDA Organic certification, GMP manufacture and a stated third-party testing programme, read from the panel and not from the listing. A named seed origin counts for a little; a lot certificate would count for more, and none prints one.

  • Form & Dosing Accuracy15%

    A teaspoon of liquid is about 5 g and tastes peppery; a softgel is exact and tasteless but usually smaller than a teaspoon. We scored how precisely and comfortably you can hit a repeatable daily dose.

  • Value15%

    Cost per gram of oil, then per serving. A tie-breaker only: a cheap oil that declares nothing does not out-rank a declared one.

How it works — illustrated blueprint
▸ Verdict

The bottom line

  1. 01

    Amazing Herbs is the reference product.

    The only liquid printing a thymoquinone amount, 48 mg per teaspoon, in cold-pressed unrefined oil in glass, with the omega profile declared. Not organic, but everything the evidence asks for is on the panel.

  2. 02

    Nature's Way is the organic answer.

    USDA Organic and a 0.6 percent thymoquinone standard on the same label, plus a fatty-acid breakdown. Lower TQ per teaspoon than the winner and a plastic bottle are the only marks against it.

  3. 03

    Bio Nutrition is the capsule to buy.

    Two softgels are 1 g of oil, the asthma-trial dose, with 9.6 mg thymoquinone declared, for about thirty-three cents. Horbaach gives more oil for less but declares no TQ; Zhou never shows its panel.

  4. 04

    Ignore potency claims that are not on the panel.

    MAJU and Sweet Sunnah are decent cold-pressed oils sold on thymoquinone claims their labels do not carry. Heritage Store is a clean organic oil in glass that simply does not say. All three would rank higher with one printed number.

▸ Research & sources

Every claim ranked above traces back to one of these

Peer-reviewed studies, meta-analyses and clinical trials behind the picks. Click any citation to read the abstract on PubMed.

  1. [1]
    Nikakhlagh S, et al. Am J Otolaryngol. 2011;32(5):402-7.Nikakhlagh S, Rahim F, Aryani FH, Syahpoush A, Brougerdnya MG, Saki N · 2011 · American Journal of Otolaryngology · PMID 20947211

    Herbal treatment of allergic rhinitis: the use of Nigella sativa

    In a two-week trial of 66 allergic-rhinitis patients, Nigella sativa oil reduced nasal congestion, itching, runny nose and sneezing compared with placebo.

  2. [2]
    Koshak A, et al. Phytother Res. 2017;31(3):403-409.Koshak A, Wei L, Koshak E, et al. · 2017 · Phytotherapy Research · PMID 28093815

    Nigella sativa Supplementation Improves Asthma Control and Biomarkers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

    Four weeks of 500 mg Nigella sativa oil twice a day improved asthma-control scores and lowered blood eosinophils versus placebo in 80 asthmatics; lung function did not change significantly.

  3. [3]
    He Y, et al. Front Pharmacol. 2024;15:1451881.He Y, Hu X, Chang L, et al. · 2024 · Frontiers in Pharmacology · PMID 39372205

    Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of nigella sativa supplementation for allergic rhinitis treatment

    Pooling the randomized trials, Nigella sativa supplementation improved allergic-rhinitis symptom scores versus control, with the authors noting small trials and heterogeneous preparations.

  4. [4]
    Sahebkar A, et al. J Hypertens. 2016;34(11):2127-35.Sahebkar A, Soranna D, Liu X, et al. · 2016 · Journal of Hypertension · PMID 27512971

    A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of supplementation with Nigella sativa (black seed) on blood pressure

    Across eleven randomized trials, Nigella sativa lowered systolic blood pressure by about 3 mmHg and diastolic by about 3 mmHg, a modest but consistent effect.

  5. [5]
    Sahebkar A, et al. Pharmacol Res. 2016;106:37-50.Sahebkar A, Beccuti G, Simental-Mendía LE, Nobili V, Bo S · 2016 · Pharmacological Research · PMID 26875640

    Nigella sativa (black seed) effects on plasma lipid concentrations in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials

    Seventeen randomized trials pooled showed lower total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides with Nigella sativa; seed powder lowered cholesterol more than oil, while oil was associated with a rise in HDL.

  6. [6]
    Daryabeygi-Khotbehsara R, et al. Complement Ther Med. 2017;35:6-13.Daryabeygi-Khotbehsara R, Golzarand M, Ghaffari MP, Djafarian K · 2017 · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · PMID 29154069

    Nigella sativa improves glucose homeostasis and serum lipids in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

    In type 2 diabetes, Nigella sativa supplementation lowered fasting glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol and LDL across the pooled randomized trials.

  7. [7]
    Kalus U, et al. Phytother Res. 2003;17(10):1209-14.Kalus U, Pruss A, Bystron J, et al. · 2003 · Phytotherapy Research · PMID 14669258

    Effect of Nigella sativa (black seed) on subjective feeling in patients with allergic diseases

    In 152 patients with allergic rhinitis, asthma or eczema, black seed oil capsules dosed at 40 to 80 mg per kilogram a day reduced subjective symptom scores over the study period.

  8. [8]
    Namazi N, Larijani B, Ayati MH, Abdollahi M. J Ethnopharmacol. 2018;219:173-181.Namazi N, Larijani B, Ayati MH, Abdollahi M · 2018 · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · PMID 29559374

    The effects of Nigella sativa L. on obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

    Pooling eleven randomized trials, Nigella sativa produced small reductions in body weight, body-mass index and waist circumference compared with control.

  9. [9]
    Salem ML. Int Immunopharmacol. 2005;5(13-14):1749-70.Salem ML · 2005 · International Immunopharmacology · PMID 16275613

    Immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties of the Nigella sativa L. seed

    A review identifying thymoquinone as the principal active constituent behind black seed's anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects in laboratory and early clinical work.

  10. [10]
    Gholamnezhad Z, Shakeri F, Saadat S, Ghorani V, Boskabady MH. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2019;9(3):195-212.Gholamnezhad Z, Shakeri F, Saadat S, Ghorani V, Boskabady MH · 2019 · Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine · PMID 31143688

    Clinical and experimental effects of Nigella sativa and its constituents on respiratory and allergic disorders

    A review of clinical and experimental studies concluding that Nigella sativa and thymoquinone show bronchodilatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects, with human trials small but consistent in direction.

  11. [11]
    Ahmad A, et al. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013;3(5):337-52.Ahmad A, Husain A, Mujeeb M, et al. · 2013 · Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine · PMID 23646296

    A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb

    A broad review of Nigella sativa's traditional uses and pharmacology, attributing most measured effects to thymoquinone and noting that seed and oil preparations vary widely in content.